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Predicting groundwater recharge for varying land cover and climate conditions – a global meta-study (data)
— 2022-07-12 Groundwater recharge is one of the important factors determining the groundwater development potential of an area. Even though recharge plays a key role in controlling groundwater system dynamics, much uncertainty remains regarding the relationships between groundwater recharge and its governing factors at a large scale. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most influential factors of groundwater recharge, and to develop an empirical model to estimate diffuse rainfall recharge at a global scale. Recharge estimates reported in the literature from various parts of the world (715 sites) were compiled and used in model building and testing exercises. Unlike conventional recharge estimates from water balance, this study used a multimodel inference approach and information theory to explain the relationship between groundwater recharge and influential factors and to predict groundwater recharge at 0.5∘ resolution. The results show that meteorological factors (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) and vegetation factors (land use and land cover) had the most predictive power for recharge. According to the model, long-term global average annual recharge (1981–2014) was 134 mm yr−1 with a prediction error ranging from −8 to 10 mm yr−1 for 97.2 % of cases. The recharge estimates presented in this study are unique and more reliable than the existing global groundwater recharge estimates because of the extensive validation carried out using both independent local estimates collated from the literature and national statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In a water-scarce future driven by increased anthropogenic development, the results from this study will aid in making informed decisions about groundwater potential at a large scale. Data is provided in netcdf and .mat (matlab) formats
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Data for Oil Sands Monitoring - Terrestrial Mammals - 2021 - Landscape Unit 3
— 2022-03-30 Data on boreal mammal communities from Alberta, Canada, conducted for the joint Federal-Provincial Oil Sands Monitoring program (Terrestrial Biological Monitoring group). These data are from Landscape Unit 3. The data describes the sampling locations of remote infrared camera arrays, the locations of those arrays, the mammal data collected from the cameras, and the landscapes surrounding those arrays.
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Lipid Transfers in the Canadian Arctic
— 2022-05-20 <b>Methodology</b><br>The sampling for this dataset took place during summer 2016 between July 29 and October 2. A total of 44 stations were sampled aboard the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Amundsen in different regions of the Canadian Arctic such as Baffin Bay, Nares Strait, Northwest passage, Beaufort Sea and Labrador Sea. Zooplankton was collected with a 1-m2 aperture, 4.5-m long, conical-square plankton net with 200-um mesh size. The samples were subdivided using a Motoda splitting box. The first halves were stored with 4% formaldehyde seawater solution for further count and identification. In the second halves, macrozooplankton were removed and subdivided by size fractioning with a 750 µm mesh in order to select the largest Calanus copepods. The fraction was then subdivided using the Motoda splitting box until reaching ca 1000 mg which was deposited on a pre-burned GF/C filter and stored in pre-burned aluminium foil at -80°C until lipid analysis. The carbon content of copepod species was estimated based on the length-mass relationships established by Forest et al. (2011). At each station, 12L of water was collected at the surface and at the subsurface chlorophyll maximum in Niskin-type bottles mounted on a rosette sampler. A set of probes was used to measure the physico-chemical parameters of seawater. The pH of seawater was measured with a spectrophotometer, nutrient data were analyzed aboard from fresh samples, an aliquot was preserved in Lugol acid for taxonomic analysis and seawater filtration(3L) was conducted for further analyses of lipid contents. Phase separation methods with chloform:methanol:water was used for lipid extractions and lipid classes and fatty acid was determined using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
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Evaluating models for classifying movement of whale-watching vessels data
— 2022-08-08 Automatic Identification System (AIS) marine vessel data used in partial completion of Andrea Nesdoly's Master of Science in Geography thesis titled: Modelling Marine Vessels Engaged in Wildlife-viewing Behaviour using Automatic Identification Systems (AIS). The data in this repository includes cleaned AIS data for a marine vessel stationed out of the Victoria Harbour, all unique vessel identifiers have been removed, and the results of various classification models for model comparison. These data were collected for the Whale-watching AIS vessel movement evaluation (WAVE) project through the CORAL group at the University of Victoria, and provided by Ocean Networks Canada and the Canadian Coast Guard, and University of Victoria graduate Molly Fraser (2021).
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Dissolved and particulate silica concentrations and natural silicon isotope compositions of dissolved silica measured from seawater samples collected aboard the Sir Wilfrid Laurier in the Bering and Chukchi Seas and the Amundsen in the Canada Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea
— 2022-05-19 This dataset includes biological, chemical and environmental data associated with marine biogenic silica dynamics collected along the flow path of Pacific-origin waters as they transit through the Arctic. Samples were collected on three cruises: onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Service (CCGS) Sir Wilfrid Laurier (one cruise covering the Bering and Chukchi Seas, Jul 2015), or the CCGS Amundsen (two cruises covering the Canada Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea, Jul-Aug 2015 and Sep 2015). On the CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier, seawater sampling was conducted throughout the euphotic zone within (or near) four biological ‘hotspots’ in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, as identified by the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO). On the CCGS Amundsen, seawater sampling was conducted throughout the water column at locations identified as part of the Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES program. Data includes: seawater temperature and salinity, silicic acid, biogenic silica, and lithogenic silica concentrations, and the natural silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid. Data are organized by row, with each row representing a single depth.
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Data From: Percent ash-free dry weight as a robust method to estimate energy density across taxa
— 2019-10-28 Determining how energy flows through ecosystems reveals underlying ecological patterns that drive processes such as growth and food web dynamics. Models that assess the transfer of energy from producers to consumers require information on the energy content or energy density (ED) of prey species. ED is most accurately measured through bomb calorimetry, but this method suffers from limitations of cost, time and sample requirements that often make it unrealistic for many studies. Percent dry-weight (DW) is typically used as a proxy for ED, but this measure includes an indigestible portion (e.g. bones, shell, salt) that can vary widely among organisms. Further, several distinct models exist for various taxonomic groups, yet none can accurately estimate invertebrate, vertebrate and plant ED with a single equation. Here, we present a novel method to estimate the ED of organisms using percent ash-free dry weight (AFDW). Using data obtained from 11 studies diverse in geographic, temporal and taxonomic scope, AFDW, DW as well as percent-protein and percent-lipid were compared as predictors of ED. Linear models were produced on a logarithmic scale, including dummy variables for broad taxonomic groups. AFDW was the superior predictor of ED compared to DW, percent-protein and percent-lipid content. Model selection revealed that using correction factors (dummy variables) for aquatic animals (AA) and terrestrial invertebrates (TI) produced the best supported model – log10(ED) = 1.07*log10(AFDW) – 0.80 (R2 = 0.978, p<0.00001) – with an intercept adjustment of 0.09 and 0.04 for AA and TI, respectively. All models including AFDW as a predictor had high predictive power (R2>0.97), suggesting that AFDW can be used with high degrees of certainty to predict the ED of taxonomically diverse organisms. Our AFDW model will allow ED to be measured with minimal cost and time requirements and excludes ash-weight from estimates of digestible mass. Its ease of use will allow for ED to be more readily and accurately determined for diverse taxa across different ecosystems. This data file includes the original values and sources used to create the AFDW model.
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A decade (2006-2016) of summertime oceanographic nutrient, chlorophyll, particulate carbon and nitrogen, and phytoplankton productivity data measured from water samples collected aboard the Sir Wilfrid Laurier in the Bering and Chukchi Seas.
— 2020-12-15 This dataset includes biological, chemical and environmental data associated with phytoplankton biomass and productivity collected on eight oceanographic cruises in the Pacific Arctic Region onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Service Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Samples were collected on cruises that occurred in July of 2006, 2008 and yearly from 2011 to 2016. Seawater sampling was conducted throughout the euphotic zone within (or near) five biological ‘hotspots’ in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, as identified by the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO). Data includes concentrations of nutrients (Nitrate+Nitrite, Phosphate), total (>0.7 micron) and size-fractionated (>5 micron) chlorophyll-a, and particulate carbon and nitrogen. Also included are measurements of carbon and nitrate uptake rates from 24-hr dual-tracer carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 incubation experiments. Data are organized by row, with each row representing a single sampling depth, or the euphotic zone depth-integrated value.
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Second-order seasonal variability in diel vertical migration timing of euphausiids in a coastal inlet (supplemental data)
— 2018-10-25 ************* VENUS ACOUSTIC DATA PACKAGE ************* <p> VERSION 1.0. April 2016. DOI: 10.18357/SatoM.2016.data01 <p> THE VENUS ACOUSTIC DATA PACKAGE ACCOMPANIES: <p> Sato, M., J.F. Dower, E. Kunze, and R. Dewey. 2013. Second-order seasonal variability in diel vertical migration timing of euphausiids in a coastal inlet. Marine Ecology Progress Series 480: 39-56. doi: 10.3354/meps10215 <p> It contains a copy of the processed acoustic data file exactly as used for this paper, as well as an example code (see below). Detailed analysis method was described in Sato et al. (2013). Original raw data are available through the Ocean Networks Canada. <p> When you use this VENUS Acoustic Data Package, please cite Sato et al. (2013) in addition to this data sets. We also ask you to acknowledge the Ocean Networks Canada for collecting data and maintaining the cabled observatory. <p> ********************** CONTENTS ********************** <p> 1. README.txt - Including a description of the data and the literature source. <p> 2. VENUS_Satoetal2013.mat - Volume backscattering strength (Sv in dB re 1 m^-1) data from 2008-Jun-01 through 2010-Jun-15 in UTC (1-min, 1-m averaged data), with corresponding time and depth variables. <p> 3. plot_dvm.m - Example code to reproduce Fig. 2b in Sato et al. (2013).
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Data from: Sedimentary organic matter shapes macrofaunal communities but not benthic nutrient fluxes in contrasting habitats along the Northwest Atlantic continental margin
— 2021-08-18 This repository contains data on environmental variables, sedimentary organic matter, benthic nutrient fluxes and macrofaunal communities collected from 10 stations along the Northwest Atlantic continental margin sampled onboard the NOAA research vessel Henry B. Bigelow in June 2017 using the ROV ROPOS. Data were used to characterize patterns and drivers of organic matter remineralization, macrofaunal diversity, community composition, and biological trait expression in contrasting habitats (shelf, slope, submarine canyons and inter-canyon areas). The dataset includes the ReadMe (metadata) text file, and 5 data sheets (.csv).
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CTD profile in IODP CORK U1364A borehole at ONC NEPTUNE observatory site Clayoquot Slope, Cascadia Accretionary Prism
— 2020-10-22 Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) operates and maintains innovative cabled observatories that supply continuous power and Internet connectivity to various scientific instruments located in coastal, deep-ocean, and Arctic environments. The Clayoquot Slope IODP (Integrated Ocean Discovery Program) borehole observatory CORK U1364A is located in the Vancouver Margin of the northern Cascadia Subduction Zone, ~20km landward of the accretionary prism toe. Here, sediments scraped from the subducting Juan de Fuca plate are deposited and the accreted sedimentary section is ~5 km thick with gas hydrate formation in the upper hundred meters of sediment. The CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) observatory was installed in 2010 during IODP Expedition 328 (Davis & Malone, 2010; Davis & Heesemann, 2011). This location was chosen to observe the fluid flow, mechanical and formation properties of the accretionary prism, allowing for long-term monitoring of deformation, seismic activity, and gas hydrate accumulation. In May 2014 a temperature profile was measured by lowering a CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) down IODP borehole observatory CORK U1364A. The CTD profile was obtained during Ocean Networks Canada NEPTUNE Maintenance Cruise 2014-05 using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) CSSF-ROPOS from the CCGS John P. Tully. Dive log entries are available from Dive R1694 and a video recording of the experiment is accessible through SeaTube, ONC’s video player (https://data.oceannetworks.ca/SeaTube?resourceTypeId=1000&resourceId=1001&diveId=410&time=2014-05-24T15:43:08.000Z). CTD data was collected using the factory calibration settings and downloaded from the instrument using the CTD manufacturers software. The initial purpose of this experiment was to determine the open depth of the borehole. The data of the hydrological observatory have been used in multiple subsequent studies to investigate pressure and temperature changes of the subseafloor (Becker et al. 2020, Mcguire et al. 2018). Boreholes drilled within the accretionary prism help to better understand the relationship between dynamic processes such as tectonic motion and deformation, internal plate strain, and earthquakes, as well as gas hydrate formation and accumulation.
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Disassembly of an epibenthic assemblage under sustained stress: lessons from hypoxic events in a northeast Pacific basin
— 2018-10-25 These data include biological (i.e. animal counts) and environmental data from three remotely imagery surveys in Saanich Inlet, a fjord incising Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. All three dives occurred in 2016. Data are organized by row, with each row representing a second of ROV video with metadata related to the ROV dive, water column data (e.g. temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, etc.) and species data (animal counts or binary presence/absence tallies). Data was collected as part of an MSc thesis (Gasbarro) and a Canadian Healthy Oceans Network II project (2.1.3).
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Data from: An approach to incorporating inferred connectivity of adult movement into marine protected area design with limited data
— 2020-10-27 <br> This is a metadata record for a dataset archived in the Dryad Digital Repository at DOI:10.5061/dryad.ts0jb2s. To download and cite this data, please navigate to <a>https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.ts0jb2s<a/>. This record was created to increase the discoverability of the data. <br/> <br>This dataset was used to evaluate ecological connectivity via adult movement using network centrality metrics, multiplex network structures, and network density in the Northern Shelf Bioregion, British Columbia, Canada. Input data for these analyses were obtained from the BC Marine Conservation Analysis (data sources: SciTech Environmental Consulting, Parks Canada, Province of British Columbia, Pacific Estuary Conservation Program). <br/> The CHONe II collection hosted in Dataverse aims to contain a complete record of the research outputs of the network and support discoverability.
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Data from: How far have we come? A review of MPA network performance indicators in reaching qualitative elements of Aichi Target 11
— 2020-09-15 <p>This dataset is based on a systematic literature review to identify indicators used to assess MPA network effectiveness in achieving the qualitative elements.</p> <p>Web of Science core collection database (1900 to April 2019) and Elsevier’s Scopus database (1995 to April 2019) has been searched. </p> <p>Key search terms used in Web of Science and Scopus (last search date 08 April 2019 are "marine protected area network*" OR "marine reserve network*" OR "MPA network*" OR "no-take network*" OR "marine protected area system" OR "marine reserve system*” OR "MPA system*" OR "no-take system*" OR "LMMA network" OR "locally managed marine area network" OR "network of MPAs" OR "network of marine protected areas" OR “network of marine reserves” AND "effect*" OR "performance" OR “improve*” OR "success" OR “benefit" OR "enhance*" OR "impact*" OR "outcome" OR "support" OR "ecolog*" OR "abundance" OR "density” OR "size" OR "length" OR "biomass" OR “richness” OR "diversity" OR "habitat quality" OR "number" OR "social*" OR "livelihood" OR “health” OR "wellbeing" OR "well-being" OR "income" OR "employment" OR “ economic*” OR "support" OR "food security" OR “conflict” OR "participation" OR "biodiversity" OR "manage*" OR "equit*" OR “represent*“ OR "connect*" OR "integrate*" OR "governance" OR "adapt*"OR "touris*" OR "recreation". </p> <p>For all selected publications, we reviewed titles and abstracts to ensure that studies evaluated or discussed the effectiveness of some aspects of an MPA network or system of MPAs. Each of the final publications selected were coded for: (1) geographic location of the study; 2) one or more of the six Aichi Target 11 qualitative elements evaluated; (3) one or more of the dimensions covered by the research (ecological, social, economic, or governance); (4) the stages being evaluated in the process of effective management framework for the assessment of protected area management effectiveness; and (5) the variable(s) used to evaluate each element of the MPA network. Finally, (6) we hierarchically organized each variable into an indicator, noting that some variables were already indicators.</p> <p>See the related publication (<a href="DOI: 10.1111/conl.12746 "> DOI: 10.1111/conl.12746 </a>) for more information.</p>
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Open Data Transcripts from the Study: Exploring Educators Experiences Implementing Open Educational Practices
— 2019-03-18 This data set includes a selection of of interview transcripts from this study. Only those interviews designated by study participants as open data are shared. Several additional interviews form the study were not designated as open access data. This dataset contains eight transcripts from interviews conducted with educators as part of a PhD study exploring open educational practices. The research focuses on how educators are using openly accessible sources of knowledge and open-source tools in ways that impact their pedagogical designs. Using a phenomenological approach with self-identifying open education practitioners, I explore how open educational practices are being actualized in formal higher education and impacting learning design. Specifically, I examine how educators are bringing elements of openness into their everyday teaching and learning practice using educational technologies. I draw upon Giddens (1986) structuration theory, further developed for use in technology adoption research most notably by DeSanctis and Poole (1994) and Orlikowski (2000). This approach positions technologies as being continually socially constructed, interpreted, and put into practice. In an organizational context, the use of technology is intrinsically linked with institutional properties, rules and norms, as well as individual perceptions and knowledge. The findings suggest that open educational practices represents an emerging form of learning design, which draws from existing models of constructivist and networked pedagogy. Open technologies are being used to support and enable active learning experiences, presenting and sharing learners work in real-time, allowing for formative feedback, peer review, and ultimately, promoting community-engaged coursework. By designing learning in this way, faculty offer learners an opportunity to consider and practice developing themselves as public citizens and develop the knowledge and literacies for working with copyright and controlling access to their online contributions, while presenting options for extending some of those rights to others. Inviting learners to share their work widely, demonstrates to them that their work has inherent value beyond the course and can be an opportunity to engage with their community.
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Replication Data for: Predator control alters wolf interactions with prey and competitor species over the diel cycle
— 2022-04-26 Camera data for manuscript "Predator control alters wolf interactions with prey and competitor species over the diel cycle". Camera data was collected both prior (2011-2014) and following (2017-2020) predator control in the Christina Lake region of northeastern Alberta. Each dataset includes the date, time, camera site number, species, and total number of individuals captured in each image.
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Environmental flow limits to global groundwater pumping
— 2019-07-02 Groundwater is the world’s largest freshwater resource and is critically important for irrigation, hence for global food security. Already, unsustainable groundwater pumping exceeds recharge from precipitation and rivers4 leading to significant groundwater level drops and losses of groundwater from its storage, especially for intensively irrigated regions. When groundwater levels drop, groundwater discharges to streams decline or possibly reverse in direction or even completely stop, decreasing streamflow with likely devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems. Here, we link groundwater level declines that result from groundwater pumping, to decreases in streamflow globally and estimate where and when environmentally critical streamflow, required to maintain healthy ecosystems, will no longer be sustained. We estimate that by 2050 environmental flow limits will be reached for approximately 42% - 79% of the watersheds with groundwater pumping worldwide and that this generally occurs before significant groundwater storage losses are experienced. Only a small groundwater level decline is needed to impact streamflow, making our estimates for streams near a transition to reversed groundwater discharge uncertain. For many areas, however, groundwater pumping rates are high and environmental flow limits are known to be severely exceeded. Compared to surface water use, the effects of groundwater pumping are significantly delayed. Our results thus reveal the current and future environmental legacy of groundwater use.
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Replication data: mapping and remote sensing of Hul'qumi'num culturally important seaweeds in the Salish Sea
— 2021-11-22 Drone imagery for Cordova Bay and Porlier Pass Two study sites in the Salish sea were surveyed using Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) techniques: ȾEL,IȽĆ and St’utl’qulus. The overall accuracies of the UAV imagery classifications and the particular accuracies of the class representing lhuq’us suggest that UAV technologies paired with Google Earth Engine (GEE) object based image analysis (OBIA) methodologies can effectively detect lhuq’us. Lhuq’us (the Hul’q’umi’num’ language term for pohrpyra/pyropia spp. (commonly known as red laver or black gold)) is a flavourful and nutritious intertidal seaweed that grows on rocky beaches across the Pacific Northwest. Hul’q’umi’num’ language, cultural values, teachings, and family histories are all interwoven into the harvesting and consumption of lhuq’us in Hul’qumi’num territories. There are serious concerns and cultural values and practices deeply interconnected with culturally important species like lhuq’us.
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Data from: A climate-associated multi-species cryptic genetic cline in the northwest Atlantic"
— 2019-08-02 This is supplementary environmental data used in environmental population structure analyses: "A climate-associated multi-species cryptic genetic cline in the northwest Atlantic" This data is described in the methods as: Temperature and salinity data were aggregated to seasonal climatological data (averaged across 2002-2012) layers, effectively corresponding with winter (January – March), spring (April – June), summer (July – September), and fall (October – December). Seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) were assembled at spatial resolutions interpretable to 1 km2 from Level 3 SST climatological satellite data, including Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data (AVHRR Atlantic; compiled by Fisheries and Oceans Canada) and global oceanographic climatological SSS composites (Tyberghein et al. 2012). Benthic temperature and benthic salinity climatological data layers were assembled at spatial resolutions interpretable to 8 km2 from a numerical climatological model (GLORYS2V1) adapted to the study area by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. We represented topographic complexity of the seafloor (interpretable to 1 km2) by east-west and north-south components of aspect, slope, plan and profile curvature, and rugosity (Sbrocco & Barber 2013). These data layers were used as predictive surfaces for each of the five species native to the range (Table 1). From these data layers, we extracted point estimates of each environmental variable for each genetic sample location to evaluate genetic-environmental relationships. This dataset represents these point estimates.
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2018 Canadian Digital Health Survey
— 2021-01-18 The Canadian Digital Health Survey is a series of surveys conducted annually commissioned by Canada Health Infoway (Infoway) through a third-party vendor. Overall, the main objective of these surveys is to investigate interest and use of digital health technologies nation-wide. Data collection: The Nielsen Company conducted various iterations of Infoway’s national survey of Canadians on behalf of Canada Health Infoway upon which this report is based since year 2014 with a total of 3 waves. Respondents to the 2018 survey were from Harris Poll Online, Nielsen’s proprietary panel supplemented with sample from other Nielsen vetted partner panels. Fieldwork was conducted from March 29 April 26 2018. A total of n= 2 406 were sampled using Canadian general population proportions by age, gender and region/province. The margin of error is ± 2.0%. All surveys were administered online between February and March of their respective years and weighted to reflect the composition of the adult population in Canada by age, gender and province of residence.

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