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Indigenous Health and Cultural Safety
Borealis
Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The UPROOT team at UBC, with the help of an Indigenous governance structure, developed the faculty’s first mandatory Indigenous-focused course within the Doctor of Pharmacy program. In 2022, the course completed its second iteration.
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Community-Oriented Marijuana Education
Borealis
Alicia Klaassen; Kanika Khosla; Ria Patel; Carolyn MacKinnon; Johanne Chaine; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The Health Services Centre and community members in a BC First Nation have identified a clear need for more education around medicinal and recreational use of marijuana/cannabis. Local healthcare providers have noted increased uses in the community. In order to increase community knowledge around marijuana, both recreationally and medicinally, this project engaged with community partners and a local pharmacy to develop an educational presentation on marijuana via Facebook Live. Project members conducted one-on-one interviews with community members to better understand the marijuana use and understanding within the community. An environmental scan and literature search on marijuana use in First Nations communities and create a summary report of findings. Finally, project members created and delivered an educational session on the benefits, concerns, and availability of marijuana to the First Nation’s community through Facebook live.
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Designing a Diabetes Self-Management Course
Borealis
Woroshelo, Bella; Zimmer, Nakya; Argue, Jaelyn; Leung, Larry; Min, Jason — 2023-09-06 In collaboration with the health centre for a local BC First Nation, this project designed a six-week course on diabetes self-management for community members who have or have been newly diagnosed with diabetes. The course was divided into six modules: 1) Introduction, 2) Holistic Care and Diabetes, 3) Nutrition and Lifestyle, 4) Medications, 5) Managing Diabetes, and 6) Diabetes and Mental Health. For each module, project members created a series of PowerPoint slides, patient handouts containing visual resources and activities, and facilitator handouts with notes, information for preparation, and materials needed for each module.
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Healthy Eating Recipe Book
Borealis
Ma, Celia; Bondar, Farnaz; Bobb, Patricia; Headley, Michelle; Didier, Shannon; Palmer, Kerrie; Bikadi, Sheila; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 In order to promote healthy eating in the community, the Community Health Centre (CHC) for a BC First Nation collaborated with students in the Entry-to-Practice PharmD Program at the University of British Columbia to create a book containing healthy recipes. Recipes were curated with help from community members and selected to incorporate accessible ingredients, encourage variety in cooking and eating, and to be adaptable for various different diet requirements. The project team members worked with the Nurse Manager at the CHC and interviewed community members to create a collection of recipes. Recipes were organized by season and availability of produce at a community farm.
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Building a Community-Owned Pharmacy for a BC First Nation
Borealis
Al-Nuaimi, Aya; Tsai, Mel; Leung, Larry; Min, Jason — 2023-08-15 A BC First Nation has identified a need to increase access to culturally-safe pharmacy services for the community. Currently, the Nation’s pharmacy needs are serviced by a singular pharmacy. As a profession, pharmacy is deeply rooted in a colonial and Eurocentric view of western values, evidence-based medicine, and a transactional approach to care provision. In response to the Truth and Reconciliation, UNDRIP, and In Plain Sight, self-determination and self-governance is an increasing priority for communities. As communities move towards development of their own Indigenous-owned and operated solutions, pharmacy can play an important role. This project developed a report describing current pharmacy services and practices in the community and identifying opportunities for further development of a community-owned, Nation-based pharmacy. The report for this project was created based on a review of relevant literature and virtual interviews with community members and local healthcare professionals. An outline of the current landscape of pharmacies as well as options and considerations for the opening and operation of a Nation-owned pharmacy are explored.
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Mapping Traditional Medicine Workshops
Borealis
Bains, Alisha; Hodgson, Chasz; Bikadi, Sheila; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The herbologist and doula at the Community Health Centre for a BC First Nation currently offers workshops to the community on local traditional medicines and plants. Certain plants only grow during specific times of the year, making the window to offer workshops fairly short. This project was a collaboration between students from the Entry-to-Practice PharmD Program at the University of British Columbia and the First Nation to create a booklet outlining the workshops offered each season, corresponding with the availability of plants used in traditional medicines. The project members interviewed the herbologist to gather relevant information. A booklet was created to present the workshops offered by the herbologist and information on the plants’ availability by season and traditional uses.
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A Two-Eyed Seeing Framework for Building Indigenous Health Courses in Pharmacy 
Borealis
Li, Jessie; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 In response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action #23 and #24, health programs across Canada, including pharmacy, are integrating course content related to Indigenous Health and cultural safety. However, there is a paucity of literature on how to respectfully Indigenize health curricula. The purpose of this project was to develop a framework of better practices for both mandatory lecture-based and elective community-based courses.   A Two-Eyed Seeing Model, incorporating both Indigenous and Western methodologies, was utilized to ensure the framework created was Indigenous-driven, evidence-based, and reciprocal. This process involved respectful collaboration with Indigenous partners and employed two methods: 1) a comprehensive literature review on better practices around Indigenous health course design from health programs across Canada, the US, Australia, and New Zealand, and 2) engagement with an Indigenous Advisory Committee (IAC) for their unique perspectives on key standards for course design.  Based on the literature review and in-depth discussions with the IAC, 5 key pillars were identified for the framework: 1) Develop Indigenous community partnerships centered on mutual respect and trust, 2) Build learning objectives to increase student capacity to work effectively with Indigenous peoples, 3) Maintain community-university relationships by prioritizing reciprocity, 4) Align course activities with Indigenous pedagogies of teaching and learning, and 5) Pilot innovative assessment models for cultural safety learning.  This framework acts as the basis of Indigenous-driven and evidence-based curriculum design and can be used as a guide for health programs across Canada in building Indigenous health courses.
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The Power of Stories: Examining the Impact of Storytelling on Learners
Borealis
Giesbrecht, Naomi; Shukla, Kruti; Leung, Larry; Min, Jason — 2023-08-15 Indigenous story-telling is vital for the transmission of oral histories from generation to generation. In a local First Nation, storytelling comes in the form of creation stories and individual stories. A Land-based Healing Cultural Support Worker and community partner has been working closely with a UVIC Environmental Sciences student on the translation, preservation, and revitalization of her individual story, “My Search for My Way of Being” for many years, detailing both positive and negative human experiences and the treasure box of teachings that have come from her life. This project created a thematic analysis and framework for the story to be used as a tool for the community partner to teach to a broad range of audiences and environments. This project used a Two-Eyed Seeing approach to analyze a recorded sample of the community partner’s teachings, including translations of key words in her language. Four main themes were synthesized and organized into a table with relevant info for teaching and discussion questions: 1) Family and Ancestral Connections, 2) Language, 3) Intergenerational Trauma, and 4) Spirituality.
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A Community- Centered Approach to Improving Medication Delivery Services Impacted by Covid-19
Borealis
Leung, Larry; Min, Jason — 2023-08-15 The project aims to identify and improve current medication accessibility services for the four communities that have been exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic measures. This project will utilize principles of community-specific, culturally safe, and ethical engagement frameworks throughout all of the activities, honouring First Nations engagement frameworks throughout all of the activities, honouring First Nations Ownership, Control, Accessibility, and Possession (OCAP). Therefore, our methodology could vary depending on community desires, but we will be prepared to engage with community members, Elders, and local healthcare providers through a variety of means including interviews, surveys, and talking circles.
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Improving Palliative Care Services in a BC First Nation
Borealis
Shah, Yaksh; Prpic, Anthony; Spadafora, Alexa; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2024-08-16 A BC First Nation has been able to come up with innovative solutions to address the increased healthcare demands such as improving high speed internet access to facilitate access to telehealth. However, there are still significant barriers that remain that make it difficult for the community to provide its surging palliative care population with optimal care. Indigenous patients already experience unique social, cultural and economic barriers to accessing quality healthcare, including palliative care. The modern day effects of colonialism, Indian hospitals, and residential schools are demonstrated through the health inequities present in Indigenous communities. Indigenous patients are more likely to have a chronic health condition such as diabetes, cancer, and have complications sooner that leads them to pursue palliative care. For many Indigenous communities, death is not just a physical process, but a social and spiritual event. As a result, significant improvements need to be made to change the course of declining palliative care services. According to our community partner, the deterioration in care is due to many factors such as communication breakdowns, lack of integration of Indigenous cultural practices and insufficient staffing support. As many of these deficiencies in care can be resolved through improved integration of the various palliative care services available within the community, our project aims to bridge the gap between the different healthcare facilities. These include the local health department, Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) palliative care team, the pharmacy and local practitioners.
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Cultural Harvest Program
Borealis
Dowhy, Parker; Coates, Ally; Manhas, Jasneek; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2024-09-10 The Cultural Harvest Program is a youth program aimed at enhancing the mental health and well-being of Indigenous youth in a rural first nations community. Rooted in traditional values and practices, the program aims to strengthen connections with culture, spirituality, and the land, ultimately reducing rates of youth incarceration and promoting healthy coping mechanisms. An environmental scan, which included both physical and digital resources, provided insights to inform program development. The program’s pilot phase will involve a small group of youth, with plans to expand to accommodate larger cohorts and a variety of land-based activities. By fostering cultural and social engagement, the Cultural Harvest Program seeks to empower the rural first nations youth to express their thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.
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Mobilizing Local Pharmacy Resources to support COVID-19 Education
Borealis
Bucholtz, Sara; Mcgrath, Seamus; MacKinnon, Carolyn; Chaine, Johanne; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 To increase community knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccines in the community, a BC First Nation partnered with a local pharmacy and the Entry-to-Practice PharmD Program at the University of British Columbia to develop a presentation to community members. This also served to increase the interface between the local pharmacy and the members of the First Nation. The project members developed the presentation by interviewing select community members to identify learning objectives for the presentation. Next, a report detailing available community pharmacy resources was prepared in collaboration with the local pharmacy. The presentation was created and presented to community members via Facebook Live.
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Alcohol Use Disorder Resource Guide
Borealis
Sidhu, Kalveen; Preymak, Jayna; Burke, Sarah; Leung, Larry; Min, Jason — 2023-09-06 This project created a Resource Guide on Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) as a tool for the health care providers of a BC First Nation to best support patients with alcohol use disorder. The Guide provides patient-friendly resources for use prior to accessing a treatment centre, as well as resources that can support an individual once they return to the community. The project was completed in collaboration with the Nursing Manager and the Support Coordinator for the First Nation. Eight resources were created and combined into the Resource Guide, including patient-friendly information and references for pharmacological treatment and management of AUD.
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Community Health Programs Directory
Borealis
Pallot, Brianna; Shen, Mary; Headley, Michelle; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The Community Health Centre for this BC First Nation delivers a wide variety of holistic health services to the community. In order to improve patient care and efficiently direct patients to the correct service/provider, the First Nation partnered with the Entry-to-Practice PharmD Program at the University of British Columbia to create two deliverables: a directory of services and relevant contact information, and a poster with descriptions of services available to community members. This project was completed in collaboration with the Nurse Manager at this First Nation. The project members interviewed staff to collect relevant details. Findings were collated into a directory of program descriptions and relevant contact info. A poster was created to provide information on the four categories of programs and services offered by this First Nation.
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Wa7 Steqstum Ti Amha Swa7 (We Keep All The Goodness)
Borealis
Coombs, Pascal; Fang, Stella; Patel, Ravi; John, Joanne; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 A BC First Nation is taking a proactive approach to tackling youth crime through the development and implementation of restorative justice programming. To gain a better understanding of what other First Nations restorative justice programs look like and to provide recommendations on best practices for youth crime programs, the First Nation collaborated with students from the Entry-to-Practice PharmD Program at the University of British Columbia. Project team members worked with the Youth Crime Prevention Manager of the First Nation to create a literature review and recommendations for the development of the youth restorative justice program. A literature search was performed to review existing Indigenous youth-based restorative justice services and programs and recommendations from government publications in the development of Indigenous-focused social services and programs. Seventeen key articles discussed in the final report were summarized in a written report. A final report containing recommendations based on the review and a presentation of the final project was created.
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Indigenous Advisory Committee Member Perspectives: Principles for Success
Borealis
King, Brittany; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 Indigenous people worldwide experience high levels of health disparities when compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. In an effort to close the gap of existing health disparities, Canadian post-secondary health programs are increasing education regarding Indigenous health into their programs. Indigenous curricula is best suited to be taught by Indigenous educators, however there is a shortage of Indigenous educators available to take on these positions. The scarcity of Indigenous educators has led to an increase in Indigenous Advisory Committees (IACs) at institutions across Canada. Despite these efforts, there is no literature related on how to effectively establish an IAC that honours Indigenous perspective, worldview and pedagogies. This research seeks to unveil key components that contribute to successful IACs. This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry methodologies to examine IAC member perspective’s regarding their first year of membership. IAC members (n=10) were interviewed twice over a 12-month period. Semi-structured interviews were chosen to prompt conversation while allowing members freedom to diverge to topics they deemed important. Interviews were conducted and recorded over Zoom and then transcribed verbatim. Interview transcripts were then analyzed for common themes. The IAC framework presented in this paper provides guiding principles for educational institutions to follow when developing their own IAC. Successful IACs will lead to improved Indigenous curriculums that appropriately include Indigenous knowledge, culture and history while maintaining respect.
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Comprehensive Resource for Healthy Medication Practices
Borealis
Swanson, Idaylia; MacKinnon, Carolyn; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The Health Services Centre (HCS) for a BC First Nation supports the community with primary and emergency care, public health programming and medications. The Centre identified a clear community for proper resources aimed at improving medication practices. Limited guidance and access to resources regarding medication practices can lead to technical and logistical concerns that can impact patient care if not appropriately addressed. To address this need, the HCS partnered with the Entry-to-Practice PharmD Program at the University of British Columbia to develop a Comprehensive Resource for Healthy Medication Practices (the Resource). The goal of this Resource is to provide a comprehensive tool for the First Nation to improve the community’s culturally safe, effective and evidence-based management of medication ordering, storage, dispensing, education and disposal. These five categories were identified by the authors as encompassing the scope of the community’s expressed needs. The Resource has been designed to be easily accessible by staff both current and future, and specifically relevant to the needs of the First Nation and the Health Services Centre. An environmental scan and literature review were conducted, examining existing resources pertaining to culturally safe medication practices in Indigenous communities. This data was used to create a questionnaire to identify current procedures, community opinions and community suggestions pertaining to medication practices in the First Nation. Community engagement with members of the First Nation and staff at the Health Services Centre also took place through an in-person townhall and interviews. The project members developed each section of the resource based on interview and questionnaire data. The Resource was reviewed by university and community partners.
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Improving Pharmacy Access with a BC First Nation Community Health Centre (CHC)
Borealis
Runa, Madi; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The responsibilities of a pharmacist are well established within a Western healthcare framework; however, a pharmacist’s role within Indigenous-led healthcare is unclear. Indigenous-led healthcare services are designed by the community for the community and can be tailored to address specific community needs. Rural and remote communities often face significant barriers to accessing care because of geographic distances or chronic healthcare staff shortages. Providing access to a variety of healthcare services directly within the community can help address these challenges. Indigenous control over healthcare delivery is essential to honouring self-determination, addressing health inequities, and ensuring culturally safe care. This research is to investigate how to improve pharmacy access in a remote First Nations community by understanding patient and care provider perspectives on the importance of various pharmacy services at an individual and community level.
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Visual Summary of Traditional Medicines
Borealis
Ahmadi, Naheed; Harding, Erin; Bikadi, Sheila; Min, Jason; Leung, Larry — 2023-08-15 The Community Health Centre (CHC) for a BC First Nation for delivers holistic health services through four sub-departments, one of which specializing in Traditional Healing. They are guided by the First Nation’s traditional principles and values and aim to integrate traditional methods into all their practices. The community has identified a need to summarize traditional uses of local plants in a visual medium to be easily shared and displayed. This project created a visual summary of traditional medicines and local plants used by the CHC’s local expert herbologist, in efforts to preserve and revitalize traditional medicines knowledge. Project members conducted research using online resources, community partner interviews, and other community-specific sources including existing pamphlets and handouts to create a poster visualizing summaries of local plants and their common uses. The traditional medicines were translated into their traditional names.
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Developing a Traditional Medicine Intake/Referral Form
Borealis
Preymak, Jayna; Burton, Olivia; Leung, Larry; Min, Jason — 2023-08-15 The health centre for a BC First Nation delivers a variety of holistic health services, including traditional healing and medicines. This project created a patient intake and referral form for the health centre’s traditional knowledge keeper to assist with referral to services. An environmental scan of available patient intake forms for both non-traditional health clinics and traditional health clinics was performed. A patient-friendly resource was designed based on findings of the scan and important characteristics identified by the knowledge keeper. The resource includes intake forms for patients and/or their providers, as well as groups requesting workshops and teaching sessions on traditional medicines.

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(Source Repository: UBC Dataverse) AND (Author: Leung, Larry)

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