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Data for: Evidence for unexpected net permafrost aggradation driven by local hydrology and climatic triggers
Borealis
Sniderhan, Anastasia; Spence, Christopher; Kokelj, Steve V.; Baltzer, Jennifer L. — 2023-10-12 This dataset supports a journal article on land cover and permafrost change in the Baker Creek watershed, a discontinuous permafrost landscape in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We quantified changes in land cover type using 1972 aerial photographs and 2017 satellite imagery. An intensive field campaign in 2019 allowed us to collect field data on thickness of the soil organic layer and permafrost presence/absence that supported strong associations between land cover change and changes in permafrost extent, allowing us to infer permafrost change from land cover transitions observed in imagery. We calculated mean flow accumulation for each area where land cover change/permafrost was quantified to look at the relationships between local hydrology and permafrost change. We also collected topographical data derived from a digital elevation model which was used to predict land cover transitions.
Université de Montréal Dataverse Logo
Boreal tree water deficit and environmental variables across five sites in western Canada
Borealis
Perron, Nia; Baltzer, Jennifer; Nehemy, Magali; Maillet, Jay; Spence, Christopher; Hould-Gosselin, Gabriel; Alcock, Haley; Sonnentag, Oliver — 2024-03-05 The study incorporates a dataset gathered from five forest stands (Old Black Spruce, Scotty Creek, Baker Creek, Smith Creek, and Havikpak Creek) in Canada's western boreal forest. The data encompasses multiple environmental variables critical for understanding tree water dynamics. The dataset includes tree water deficit (TWD) measurements derived from continuous measurements of stem radius change from black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina). Automatic circumference band dendrometers (model DC-2 and 3, Ecomatik, Munich, Germany) were used to obtain 30-minute measurements of stem radius change and data from up to four dendrometers were recorded on a single HOBO data logger (UX120-006M, Bourne, MA). Concurrently, environmental controls including photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, rainfall, and soil moisture were measured continuously every half hour on micrometeorological towers located near the instrumented trees. As were gas analyzer-based or hygrometer-based eddy covariance measurements of stand-level evapotranspiration. These parameters collectively enable an analysis of the environmental controls on TWD across various temporal scales. Data was obtained for the peak growing season (June 1st to August 31st) in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Measurements began between June 6 - 15, 2018 at SCC, BAC, SMC, and HPC. Photosynthetically active radiation was not available for BAC in 2018, 2019 and 2020, and soil moisture data was missing for BAC in 2020. The primary goal of data collection was to understand the intricate interactions between environmental variables and tree water stress, contributing to a broader understanding of how boreal forests respond to climate change. The dataset allows for advanced analytical techniques, including wavelet analysis and Granger causality, to unravel complex relationships and causalities between TWD and potential environmental controls.
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PHyDAP - Prairie Hydrology Design and Analysis Product
Federated Research Data Repository / dépôt fédéré de données de recherche
Shook, Kevin R.; He, Zhihua; Spence, Christopher; Whitfield, Colin; Pomeroy, John W — 2023-04-12 The PHyDAP datasets are outputs of CRHM virtual basin models forced by long-term climate data sets, for more than 4,000 basins on the Canadian Prairies. The intent is that the CRHM model outputs will be used for forcing small-scale hydraulic models in the region. By running the hydraulic models for long time periods, the effects of changes in local hydraulics, and/or climate change on return-period flows and/or flooded areas can be assessed. The basins used for the CRHM models are derived from HydroSHEDS (https://www.hydrosheds.org/) as described by Lehner and Grill (2013). The virtual basin models are based on the basin classification described in Wolfe et al. (2019). An example of the use of the virtual basin models is given by Spence et al. (2022). The use of long-term hydrological model outputs to force small-scale hydraulic models is demonstrated by Altraide (2020). Altraide, Kelvin. 2020. “Culvert Assessment and Flood Modelling in Rural Saskatchewan.” Capstone Report. University of Saskatchewan. Lehner, B., Grill, G., 2013. Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world’s large river systems. Hydrological Processes 27, 2171–2186. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9740 Spence, Christopher, Zhihua He, Kevin R. Shook, Balew A. Mekonnen, John W. Pomeroy, Colin J. Whitfield, and Jared D. Wolfe. 2022. “Assessing Hydrological Sensitivity of Grassland Basins in the Canadian Prairies to Climate Using a Basin Classification-Based Virtual Modelling Approach.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26 (7): 1801–19. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1801-2022. Wolfe, Jared D., Kevin R. Shook, Chris Spence, and Colin J. Whitfield. 2019. “A Watershed Classification Approach That Looks Beyond Hydrology: Application to a Semi-Arid, Agricultural Region in Canada.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23 (9): 3945–67. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3945-2019.
Global Water Futures (FRDR) Logo
Baker Creek Research Catchment Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Data
Federated Research Data Repository / dépôt fédéré de données de recherche
Spence, Christopher; Hedstrom, Newell — 2024-04-25 It is uncommon to collect long term coordinated hydrometeorological and hydrological data in northern circumpolar regions. However, such datasets can be very valuable for engineering design, improving environmental prediction tools or detecting change. This dataset documents hydrometeorological and hydrological conditions in the Baker Creek Research Catchment from 2003 to 2016. Baker Creek drains water from 155 km2 of subarctic Canadian Shield terrain in Canada’s Northwest Territories. Seasonal half hourly hydrometeorological, ground temperature and soil moisture data were collected from representative locations, including exposed Precambrian bedrock ridges, peatlands, open black spruce forest and lakes. Hydrometeorological data includes incoming radiation, rainfall, temperature, humidity, winds, barometric pressure, and turbulent fluxes. Spring maximum snowpack water equivalent, depth and density data are included. Daily streamflow data are available from a series of nested watersheds ranging in size from 9 to 128 km2. These data provide the scientific and engineering communities with an opportunity to advance understanding of geophysical processes and improve infrastructure resiliency in this remote region. **Please note: this dataset is linked to an ESSD paper at https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1753-2018.  The authors kindly request that you reference this paper in addition to the dataset. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Virtual Watershed Model Simulations for Typified Prairie Watersheds in Pothole Till
Federated Research Data Repository / dépôt fédéré de données de recherche
He, Zhihua; Spence, Christopher; Shook, Kevin R.; Pomeroy, John W; Whitfield, Colin; Wolfe, Jared — 2024-03-27 The dataset is comprised of inputs to and outputs from the Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) when it was run as a virtual model of the Pothole Till class, as defined by Wolfe et al. (2019). These watersheds represented typified prairie watersheds based on physiogeography and coherent response to environmental change. Model parameters were informed by the results of Wolfe et al. (2019). The .prj files necessary to run the virtual models are included in the dataset. Climate forcing data are from the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset from a cohort of stations contained within each watershed class and cover a period from 1960-2006. There are a series of wetland drainage scenarios that progressively reduced the wetland depression area and storage capacity by increments of 10%. Model output includes hourly catchment outflow, and depression water storage in the HRUs for the baseline and each scenario. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Virtual Watershed Model Simulations for Typified Prairie Watersheds in Seven Basin Classes
Federated Research Data Repository / dépôt fédéré de données de recherche
He, Zhihua; Shook, Kevin R.; Spence, Christopher; Pomeroy, John W; Whitfield, Colin — 2025-01-20 The dataset is comprised of inputs to and outputs from the Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) when it was run as a virtual model of the seven prairie basin classes, as defined by He et al. (2023). These watersheds represented typified prairie watersheds based on physiogeography and coherent response to environmental change. Model parameters were informed by the results of He et al. (2023). The .prj files necessary to run the virtual models are included in the dataset. Climate forcing data are from the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset from a cohort of stations contained within each watershed class and cover a period from 1960-2006. There are a series of climate sensitivity scenarios that include applying a delta method to the original climate data (i.e., 1°C increments of warming, and -20%, +10%, +20% and +30% of precipitation). Model output includes hourly catchment outflow, and depression water storage in the HRUs for the baseline and each scenario. There are also a series of wetland drainage scenarios that progressively reduced the wetland depression area. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Virtual Watershed Model Simulations for Wetland Drainage and Restoration in Six Prairie Basin Classes
Federated Research Data Repository / dépôt fédéré de données de recherche
He, Zhihua; Shook, Kevin R.; Spence, Christopher; Pomeroy, John W; Whitfield, Colin — 2025-01-14 The dataset is comprised of inputs to and outputs from the Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) when it was run as a virtual model of six prairie basin classes, as defined by He et al. (2023). These watersheds represented typified prairie watersheds based on physiogeography and coherent response to environmental change. Model parameters were informed by the results of He et al. (2023). The .prj files necessary to run the virtual models are included in the dataset. Climate forcing data are from the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset from ten stations over the Prairies and cover a period from 1960-2006. There are a series of wetland drainage and restoration scenarios that progressively reduced and increased the wetland depression area. Model output includes hourly catchment outflow, snow sublimation, soil moisture, and depression water storage in the HRUs for the baseline and each wetland management scenario. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Virtual Watershed Model Simulations for Typified Prairie Watersheds in High Elevation Grasslands
Federated Research Data Repository / dépôt fédéré de données de recherche
He, Zhihua; Spence, Christopher; Shook, Kevin R.; Whitfield, Colin J.; Pomeroy, John W; Wolfe, Jared — 2024-03-27 The dataset is comprised of inputs to and outputs from the Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) when it was run as a virtual model of the High Elevation Grasslands class, as defined by Wolfe et al. (2019). These watersheds represented typified prairie watersheds based on physiogeography and coherent response to environmental change. Model parameters were informed by the results of Wolfe et al. (2019). The .prj files necessary to run the virtual models are included in the dataset. Climate forcing data are from the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset from a cohort of stations contained within each watershed class and cover a period from 1960-2006. There are a series of climate sensitivity scenarios that include applying a delta method to the original climate data (i.e., 1°C increments of warming, and -20%, +10%, +20% and +30% of precipitation). Model output includes hourly catchment outflow, rainfall, snowfall, snow sublimation and snow water equivalent for the baseline and each scenario.

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(Author: Spence, Christopher)

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