Despite the potential for rapid evolution, stasis is commonly observed over geological timescales – the so-called “paradox of stasis.” This paradox would be resolved if stabilizing selection were common, but stabilizing selection is infrequently detected in natural populations. We hypothesize a simple solution to this apparent disconnect: stabilizing selection is hard to detect empirically once populations have adapted to a fitness peak. To test this hypothesis, we developed an individual-based model of a population evolving under an invariant stabilizing fitness function. Stabilizing selection on the population was infrequently detected in an “empirical” sampling protocol, because (1) trait variation was low relative to the fitness peak breadth; (2) non-selective deaths masked selection; (3) populations wandered around the fitness peak; and (4) sample sizes were typically too small. Moreover, the addition of negative frequency-dependent selection further hindered detection by flattening or even dimpling the fitness peak, a phenomenon we term “squashed stabilizing selection”. Our model demonstrates that stabilizing selection provides a plausible resolution to the paradox of stasis despite its infrequent detection in nature. The key reason is that selection “erases its traces”: once populations have adapted to a fitness peak, they are no longer expected to exhibit detectable stabilizing selection.
Usage Notes:
Model realizations
A CSV file containing summaries of the results of all model realizations
realizations.csv
Per-generation data for realization 4595
Metrics for each of the 50,000 post-burn-in generations of model realization 4595.
generation_data_4595.csv
Per-generation data for realization 4631
Metrics for each of the 50,000 generations of model realization #4631
generation_data_4631.csv
Data on selective deaths per generation for realization 4595
Data on selective deaths per generation for realization 4595
selective_deaths_4595.csv
Data on selective deaths per generation for realization 4631
Data on selective deaths per generation for realization 4631
selective_deaths_4631.csv
Selection gradients
Histogram (i.e. binned) data on selection gradients from all model realizations
gradients.csv
README
Information on all files in this Dryad repository