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Large Canadian Database for Macroeconomic Analysis (LCDMA) - Vintages
— 2021-10-18 <p>This folder contains all monthly (CAN-MD) and quarterly (CAN-QD) vintages data. The first monthly vintage begins in May 2019 and the quarterly data begins a little later, in November 2019. Since then, the two databases have been updated at the end of each month. </p> <p> <strong> CAN-MD files : </strong><br> Table_can_md.xlsx : contains a description and the source of all series in CAN-MD.csv, balanced_can_md.csv and TR_CAN_MD.csv <br> <br> balanced_can_md.csv : stationary and balanced panel starting from 1981M01. Missing values ​​are replaced by EM algorithm. (Using CAN_MD.csv) <br> <br> CAN_MD.csv : raw data as collected from Statistc Canada and other sources. It starts from 1914 because the CPI series is available from that year <br> <br> TR_CAN_MD.csv : data from CAN_MD.csv transformed to induce stationarity. <br></p> <p> <strong> CAN-QD files : </strong><br> Table_can_qd.xlsx : contains a description and the source of all series in CAN-QD.csv and balanced_can_qd.csv <br> <br> balanced_can_qd.csv : stationary and balanced panel starting from 1981Q1. Missing values ​​are replaced by EM algorithm. (Using CAN_QD.csv) <br> <br> CAN_QD.csv : raw data as collected from Statistc Canada and other sources. It starts from 1914 because the CPI series is available from that year <br> <br> TR_CAN_QD.csv : data from CAN_MD.csv transformed to induce stationarity. (introduce in 2021/07) </p>
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Data for: Intelligibility of speech produced by sigthed and blind adults
— 2021-01-30 Données recueillies auprès de 20 auditeurs francophones adultes lors d'un test d'identification de voyelles produites par des locuteurs francophones adultes voyants et aveugles. <br> The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of congenital visual deprivation on vowel intelligibility in adult speakers of Canadian French. Twenty adult listeners performed two perceptual identification tasks in which vowels produced by congenitally blind adults and sighted adults were used as stimuli. Together, the results suggest that adult blind speakers have learned to adapt to their sensory loss so that they can successfully achieve intelligible vowel targets in non-noisy conditions but that they produce less intelligible speech in noisy conditions.
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Données pour : Analyse de cadrage de la reformulation des politiques en matière de cannabis au Québec, en Ontario et au Maine
— 2021-05 Ce jeu de données présente les résultats d'une analyse de cadrage (framing analysis) de la reformulation des politiques en matière de cannabis au Québec (projet de loi 2, 2019), en Ontario (projet de loi 36, 2018) et au Maine (LD 88, 2016; LD 243, 2017; LD 1719, 2018). À l'aide d'une grille d'analyse composée de 6 cadres développée par le chercheur, les débats parlementaires et les mémoires déposés en commission ont été analysés. Au total, 80 types d'intervenants ont été soumis au codage (23 au Québec ; 19 en Ontario ; 37 au Maine ; total). Ce jeu de données permet de cerner les cadrages prévalant lors des débats sur la reformulation des politiques en matière de cannabis.
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12 scenarios of monthly potential groundwater recharge in southern Quebec Database – 1951-2100 period
— 2022-01-11 This database contains 12 scenarios of potential groundwater recharge (GWR) with a 500 m x 500 m resolution and a monthly time step over southern Quebec for the 1951-2100 period. These data were simulated using the HydroBudget model (Dubois et al., 2021a, b, c) and are presented in Dubois et al. (2022). A selection of 12 climate scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project— Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, various global climate models), provided by Ouranos, were used as input. The simulations were performed at UQAM by the team of Pr Marie Larocque’s research Chair on Water and land conservation (Chaire Eau et conservation du territoire), as part of a project funded by the Quebec Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques - MELCC). The study area is located in the Province of Quebec (humid and cold climate; Canada), between the St. Lawrence River and the Canada–USA border and between the Quebec–Ontario border and Quebec City (35 800 km2). The study area is divided into 140 656 cells of 500 m x 500 m. The simulation results are sorted in netCDF files by climate change scenario that contain 1) the 30-year average monthly values and 2) the monthly values for the 1951-2100 period of simulated vertical inflow (VI; sum of observed rainfall and simulated snowmelt – mm/month), average temperature (°C), simulated runoff (runoff + excess runoff – mm/month), simulated actual evapotranspiration (mm/month), and simulated potential GWR (mm/month) for each grid cell. Monthly averages are computed for the periods of 1951-1980, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100. Authors contributions: Conceptualization and methodology: Emmanuel Dubois, Marie Larocque, and Sylvain Gagné; Software and visualization: Emmanuel Dubois; data curation: Emmanuel Dubois and Sylvain Gagné; Writing (original draft and review & editing): Emmanuel Dubois and Marie Larocque; Funding acquisition and Supervision: Marie Larocque The authors are grateful to the Ouranos Consortium for providing downscaled climate scenarios (daily total precipitation and daily min and max temperature), presented in the dataset as VI and average monthly temperature. They acknowledge the model output data from the World Climate Research Programme CMIP5 as well as the gridded observation data made available by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). If re-used, both the source of the data and the provider must be acknowledged.
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1961-2017 monthly potential groundwater recharge in southern Quebec database
— 2021-12-14 This database contains the simulation of potential groundwater recharge (GWR) with a 500 m x 500 m resolution and a monthly time step over southern Quebec for the 1961-2017 period. These data were simulated using the HydroBudget model (HB; Dubois et al., 2021a, b) and are presented in Dubois et al. (2021c). The simulation was performed at UQAM by the team of Pr Marie Larocque’s research Chair on Water and land conservation (Chaire Eau et conservation du territoire), as part of a project funded by the Quebec Ministry of the Environment (Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques - MELCC). The study area is located in the Province of Quebec (humid and cold climate; Canada), between the St. Lawrence River and the Canada–USA border and between the Quebec–Ontario border and Quebec City (35 800 km2). The study area is divided into 140 656 cells of 500 m x 500 m. The simulation results are sorted in files by year that contains for each grid cell the monthly values of simulated vertical inflow (VI; sum of observed rainfall and simulated snowmelt – mm), average temperature (°C), simulated runoff (runoff + excess runoff – mm), simulated actual evapotranspiration (mm), and simulated potential GWR (mm). Authors contributions: Conceptualization and methodology: Emmanuel Dubois, Marie Larocque, Sylvain Gagné ; Software, visualization, and data curation: Emmanuel Dubois; Writing (original draft and review & editing): Emmanuel Dubois and Marie Larocque; Funding acquisition and Supervision: Marie Larocque The meteorological data (daily total precipitation and daily min and max temperature) used as input to the GWR simulation and presented in the dataset in the post-processed form of VI and average monthly temperature were provided by the Quebec Ministry of the Environment (MELCC). They are not under the CC0 - "Public Domain Dedication" licence and are provided for reproduction purposes only. Please refer to the access information section of the READ_ME.txt file for more detail.
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HydroBudget – Groundwater recharge model in R
— 2021-11-10 Authors contributions: Conceptualization: Emmanuel Dubois, Marie Larocque, Sylvain Gagné Methodology: Emmanuel Dubois, Marie Larocque, Sylvain Gagné, Guillaume Meyzonnat Sofware: Emmanuel Dubois, Sylvain Gagné, Guillaume Meyzonnat Visualization, data curation, and formal analysis: Emmanuel Dubois Writing (original draft and review & editing): Emmanuel Dubois and Marie Larocque Funding acquisition and Supervision: Marie Larocque The script was tested within the research team of Pr Larocque before making it publicly available. For the application example of the Petite du Chene River, the climate data and river flow observations are provided for training purpose only and are not under the CC0 - "Public Domain Dedication" licence. Please refer to the access information section of the READ_ME.txt file or the TERMS tab for more detail. HydroBudget (HB) is a spatially distributed groundwater recharge (GWR) model that computes a superficial water budget on grid cells with outputs aggregated into monthly time steps. It was developed as an accessible and computationally affordable model to simulate GWR over large areas (thousands of km2, regional-scale watersheds) and for long time periods (decades), in cold and humid climates. The model is coded in R and was developed at UQAM by the team of Pr Marie Larocque’s research Chair (Water and land conservation) as part of a project funded by the Quebec Ministry of the Environment (Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques - MELCC). Results of GWR simulation over southern Quebec (Canada) with HB are presented in Dubois et al. (2021). Le model script is provided with an application example for the Petite du Chene River in southern Quebec and a User-guide.
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Data for: Insights on narrative enactments in signed and spoken discours in Quebec Sign Language, American Sign Language and Quebec French
— 2021-09-30 A special thank from the research team to the participants of the Marqspat project. Without their generous contribution, the production of the videos would have been impossible. / L’équipe de recherche tient à remercier tout particulièrement es participants au projet Marqspat. Sans leur généreuse contribution, la production des vidéos auraient été impossible. These dataset in video format is to illustrate examples of the data directly which are cited in the chapter of the same title published in the book [Title to come]. Those videos are used to present a portrait of the use of enactment in sign and spoken discourses for LSQ (L1 and L2), ASL (L1), and French (L1) discourses and are drawn from the Projet Marqspat corpus under the auspices of Groupe de recherche sur la LSQ et le bilinguisme sourd, at Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). The data used in this chapter were collected through a SSHRC project (regular grant) from 2011 to 2015, entitled " Étude de la variation de forme et de sens dans la réalisation du marquage spatial pour trois langues des signes". Projet Marqspat is a corpus of spoken/signed data produced in four languages (LSQ, ASL, English and French) where all participants were exposed to the same elicitation conditions,including a four-hour test aimed at the production of specific morphosyntactic, semantic and discursive structures within an elicitation setting. All participants were exposed to forty-four video sketches without use of language presenting different scenarios produced by actors. These were calibrated to elicit the linguistic expression of different concepts (quantity, point of view, etc.) and of different types of events such as descriptive or narrative events (Parisot et al. 2008; Parisot and Saunders 2019). The discourse data were collected from five groups of signers/speakers, with three participants in each group: <ol> <li>Deaf signers using LSQ as L1</li> <li>Deaf signers using LSQ L2 but as have ASL as L1</li> <li>Deaf signers using LSQ as L2 but use spoken French as L1</li> <li>Deaf signers using ASL as L1</li> <li>Non-deaf Quebec French speakers as L1</li> </ol>
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Données et code de réplication pour : Effet non linéaire de la taille des classes sur le développement cognitif et non cognitif de l'enfant - Estimation avec les données de l'Enquête québécoise sur le développement de l'enfant en maternelle de 2012 et 2017
— 2022-09-01 Code de reproduction pour le mémoire de maîtrise « Effet non linéaire de la taille des classes sur le développement cognitif et non cognitif de l'enfant - Estimation avec les données de l'Enquête québécoise sur le développement de l'enfant en maternelle de 2012 et 2017 ». Voir le fichier ReadMe pour plus de détails.
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Données et code de réplication pour : Intégration régionale de travailleurs (im)migrants sous interdiction de changer d’employeur au pays : impact salarial sur les autres employés au sein des occupations affectées.
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Djossou, Tchénagnon Armand — 2022-12-07 Code de reproduction pour le mémoire de maîtrise « Intégration régionale de travailleurs (im)migrants sous interdiction de changer d’employeur au pays : impact salarial sur les autres employés au sein des occupations affectées ». Voir le fichier ReadMe pour plus de détails.
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Surface Atmospheric Variables for the Evaluation of Winds (SAVE-Winds) catalog
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Whittaker, Tim; Alejandro Di Luca; Roberge, François — 2024-07-03 <p>The Surface Atmospheric Variables for the Evaluation of Winds (SAVE-Winds) catalog includes a detailed set of hourly, near-surface atmospheric variables from both observations and simulations across 27 locations in North America from 2015 to 2020. The observational data is sourced from the AmeriFlux network, featuring direct measurements of sensible, latent, and momentum turbulent fluxes. Simulated data is generated using various configurations of the CRCM6/GEM5 model. The dataset includes 10-m wind speed, friction velocity, stability parameter, 2-m temperature, sensible and latent heat fluxes, surface pressure, and relative humidity.</p> <p>Le catalogue des variables atmosphériques de surface pour l'évaluation des vents (SAVE-Winds) comprend un ensemble détaillé de variables atmosphériques horaires proches de la surface provenant à la fois d'observations et de simulations sur 27 sites en Amérique du Nord de 2015 à 2020. Les données d'observation proviennent du réseau AmeriFlux, qui comprend des mesures directes des flux turbulents sensibles, latents et de quantité de mouvement. Les données simulées sont générées à l'aide de diverses configurations du modèle CRCM6/GEM5. L'ensemble des données comprend la vitesse du vent à 10 m, la vitesse de frottement, le paramètre de stabilité, la température à 2 m, les flux de chaleur sensible et latente, la pression de surface et l'humidité relative.</p>
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Cloud fraction distribution for the evaluation of the of the canadian regional model over North America
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Veilleux, Karel; Alejandro Di Luca; Thériault, Julie M; Poitras, Vincent — 2024-09-06 <p style="margin-bottom: 20px;">This catalog of atmospheric cloud variables features a comprehensive set of monthly averaged data derived from simulations and observations spanning a large North American domain from January 2014 to December 2015. It includes vertical and horizontal cloud fraction distributions observed by CALIPSO’s satellite lidar, alongside simulations from the high resolution CRCM6/GEM5 (∆x~12 km) model and the pseudo-satellite data simulator. Both observational and simulated data were processed to align with corresponding spatio-temporal occurrences and cloud diagnostics for the total, high-, mid-, and low-level cloud fraction. This catalog contains the horizontal cloud fraction distribution for the total, high-, mid- and low-level clouds and the vertical profiles of the cloud fraction for the three datasets over selected ocean and continental regions within the large domain. </p> </p>Le catalogue des variables atmosphériques de la fraction nuageuse comprend un ensemble de données moyenées mensuellement issues de simulation et d'observations couvrant un vaste domaine nord américain pour la période de janvier 2014 à décembre 2015. Il contient les distributions verticales et horizontales de la fraction nuageuse observées par le lidar satellitaires de CALIPSO, ainsi que celle de la simulation du modèle à haute résolution MRCC6/GEM6 (∆x~12 km) et d'un simulateur de données pseudo-satellitaires. Les données d'observations et des simulations ont été traitées pour correspondre aux occurrences spatio-temporelles communes et aux diagnostiques de nuages pour les fractions nuageuses totales, hautes, moyens et de basses altitude. Ce catalogue contient les fractions nuageuses horizontales pour les nuages totaux, hauts, moyens et bas ainsi que les profiles verticaux de la fraction nuageuse sur certaine région spécifique sur l'océan et le continent.</p>
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1961-2017 monthly potential groundwater recharge in southern Quebec database
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Dubois, Emmanuel; Larocque, Marie; Gagné, Sylvain — 2021-12-14 This database contains the simulation of potential groundwater recharge (GWR) with a 500 m x 500 m resolution and a monthly time step over southern Quebec for the 1961-2017 period. These data were simulated using the HydroBudget model (HB; Dubois et al., 2021a, b) and are presented in Dubois et al. (2021c). The simulation was performed at UQAM by the team of Pr Marie Larocque’s research Chair on Water and land conservation (Chaire Eau et conservation du territoire), as part of a project funded by the Quebec Ministry of the Environment (Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques - MELCC). The study area is located in the Province of Quebec (humid and cold climate; Canada), between the St. Lawrence River and the Canada–USA border and between the Quebec–Ontario border and Quebec City (35 800 km2). The study area is divided into 140 656 cells of 500 m x 500 m. The simulation results are sorted in files by year that contains for each grid cell the monthly values of simulated vertical inflow (VI; sum of observed rainfall and simulated snowmelt – mm), average temperature (°C), simulated runoff (runoff + excess runoff – mm), simulated actual evapotranspiration (mm), and simulated potential GWR (mm).
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Large Canadian Database for Macroeconomic Analysis (LCDMA) - Vintages
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Stevanovic, Dalibor; Surprenant, Stéphane; Leroux, Maxime; Fortin-Gagnon, Olivier — 2021-10-18 <p>This folder contains all monthly (CAN-MD) and quarterly (CAN-QD) vintages data. The first monthly vintage begins in May 2019 and the quarterly data begins a little later, in November 2019. Since then, the two databases have been updated at the end of each month. </p> <p> <strong> CAN-MD files : </strong><br> Table_can_md.xlsx : contains a description and the source of all series in CAN-MD.csv, balanced_can_md.csv and TR_CAN_MD.csv <br> <br> balanced_can_md.csv : stationary and balanced panel starting from 1981M01. Missing values ​​are replaced by EM algorithm. (Using CAN_MD.csv) <br> <br> CAN_MD.csv : raw data as collected from Statistc Canada and other sources. It starts from 1914 because the CPI series is available from that year <br> <br> TR_CAN_MD.csv : data from CAN_MD.csv transformed to induce stationarity. <br></p> <p> <strong> CAN-QD files : </strong><br> Table_can_qd.xlsx : contains a description and the source of all series in CAN-QD.csv and balanced_can_qd.csv <br> <br> balanced_can_qd.csv : stationary and balanced panel starting from 1981Q1. Missing values ​​are replaced by EM algorithm. (Using CAN_QD.csv) <br> <br> CAN_QD.csv : raw data as collected from Statistc Canada and other sources. It starts from 1914 because the CPI series is available from that year <br> <br> TR_CAN_QD.csv : data from CAN_MD.csv transformed to induce stationarity. (introduce in 2021/07) </p>
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HydroBudget – Groundwater recharge model in R
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Dubois, Emmanuel; Larocque, Marie; Gagne, Sylvain; Meyzonnat, Guillaume — 2021-11-10 HydroBudget (HB) is a spatially distributed groundwater recharge (GWR) model that computes a superficial water budget on grid cells with outputs aggregated into monthly time steps. It was developed as an accessible and computationally affordable model to simulate GWR over large areas (thousands of km2, regional-scale watersheds) and for long time periods (decades), in cold and humid climates. The model is coded in R and was developed at UQAM by the team of Pr Marie Larocque’s research Chair (Water and land conservation) as part of a project funded by the Quebec Ministry of the Environment (Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques - MELCC). Results of GWR simulation over southern Quebec (Canada) with HB are presented in Dubois et al. (2021). Le model script is provided with an application example for the Petite du Chene River in southern Quebec and a User-guide. As of July 2023, the further development of the HydroBudget model will be included in the rechaRge package. More information can be found here: https://www.epfl.ch/labs/lch/research/water-and-groundwater-management/recharge-an-r-package-for-integrated-groundwater-recharge-modelling-in-r/ Additionally, the development of the code can now be followed here: https://github.com/gwrecharge
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Données pour : Analyse de cadrage de la reformulation des politiques en matière de cannabis au Québec, en Ontario et au Maine
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Lévesque, Gabriel — 2022-02-08 Ce jeu de données présente les résultats d'une analyse de cadrage (framing analysis) de la reformulation des politiques en matière de cannabis au Québec (projet de loi 2, 2019), en Ontario (projet de loi 36, 2018) et au Maine (LD 88, 2016; LD 243, 2017; LD 1719, 2018). À l'aide d'une grille d'analyse composée de 6 cadres développée par le chercheur, les débats parlementaires et les mémoires déposés en commission ont été analysés. Au total, 80 types d'intervenants ont été soumis au codage (23 au Québec ; 19 en Ontario ; 37 au Maine ; total). Ce jeu de données permet de cerner les cadrages prévalant lors des débats sur la reformulation des politiques en matière de cannabis.
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Simulated monthly potential groundwater recharge with land cover changes in southern Quebec Database – period 1951-2100
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Dubois, Emmanuel; Larocque, Marie — 2023-01-12 The dataset contains potential groundwater recharge (GWR) simulated with a 500 m x 500 m resolution over southern Quebec, with a monthly time step, and with time-variant land cover (LC). The dataset is comprised of the LC classifications and the simulated spatial-temporal GWR. It contains (1) the reclassified, resampled, and annually distributed LC classifications for the 1990-2010 period based on the LC classifications for 1990, 2000, and 2010 (NRCan, 2021); (2) the downscaled LC scenarios from the land use harmonization dataset for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (Hurtt et al., 2011); and (3) the reclassified and resampled LC map for 2015 from Bissonnette et al. (2016) used for the GWR simulation of Dubois et al. (2021a, 2022b). The dataset also contains (4) the simulated GWR over the 1990-2010 period simulated with LC changes from the NRCan (2021) classification and (5) 12 GWR scenarios spanning 1951-2100 simulated with the LC scenarios. GWR data were simulated with these LC scenarios using the HydroBudget model (Dubois et al., 2021a, b) and are presented in Dubois et al. (2022a). They were compared to the data presented in Dubois et al. (2021a, 2022b) for constant LC. For the 1990-2010 period, interpolated climate data were provided by the Quebec Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques - MELCC). For the 1951-2100 period, a selection of 12 climate scenarios provided by the Ouranos Consortium from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project— Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, various global climate models) were used as input. The simulations were performed at UQAM by the team of Pr Marie Larocque’s research Chair on Water and land conservation (Chaire Eau et conservation du territoire), as part of a project funded by the MELCC. The study area is located in the Province of Quebec (humid and cold climate; Canada), between the St. Lawrence River and the Canada–USA border and between the Quebec–Ontario border and Quebec City (35 800 km2). The study area is divided into 140 656 cells of 500 m x 500 m. The simulation results are sorted in netCDF files for each LC classifications (5 classes: agriculture, forest, wetlands, water, urban) and for each GWR simulation. The resampled and reclassified LC map from Bissonnette et al. (2016) is provided as a .csv file. Beside the LC classifications, the available variables are composed of the monthly values of simulated vertical inflow (VI; sum of observed rainfall and simulated snowmelt – mm/month), average temperature (°C), simulated runoff (runoff + excess runoff – mm/month), simulated actual evapotranspiration (mm/month), and simulated GWR (mm/month) for each grid cell. All data have a 500 m x 500 m spatial resolution.
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North America Extratropical Cyclone (NAEC) Catalogue
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Chen, Ting-Chen; Alejandro Di Luca; Katja Winger — 2022-06-28 The NAEC catalogue comprises information on extratropical cyclone (ETC) tracks in North America (20–80 N and 180-0W) from January 1979 to December 2020. The source data used to produce this dataset is obtained from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at 1-hour spatial resolution and 0.25x0.25 degree spatial resolution. In addition to the location, time, and intensity, this dataset also includes ETC-associated impact variables such as the near-surface wind speed, wind gust, and precipitation, averaged using different radii around the ETC center. Both absolute and relative (to the local climatology) measures are provided. This catalogue provides useful information for the assessment of ETC-induced impacts over North America.
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North America ISD to ERA5 (NA-ISD2ERA) Catalogue
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Collet, François; Alejandro Di Luca; Chen, Ting-Chen — 2022-09-16 The NA-ISD2ERA is a station-based gridded dataset of hourly 10-m wind speed, surface total precipitation, sea-level pressure, and 2-m air and dew point temperature observations interpolated on the regular 0.25° latitude-longitude ERA5 grid over North America for the 1990-2021 period. Station observations are from the Integrated Surface Database (ISD) developed by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Smith et al. 2011). It includes over 35,000 weather stations around the world of hourly to sub-hourly in situ observations for numerous variables such as wind speed, precipitation, sea-level pressure, air and dew point temperature. The NCEI ISD dataset is available at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov. ERA5 is the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (Hersbach et al., 2020). Quality checks implemented in ISD are used to select reliable observations. For each ERA5 grid cell and at each hour, the data are interpolated by taking the nearest available ISD observation to the grid cell center that is located within the targeted grid cell.
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Polar low developed in the Norwegian Sea on 25 March 2019 – Simulations with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM6/GEM4) and manual track
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Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta; Laprise, René; Gachon, Philippe — 2023-04-03 This dataset contains: <br>1. The output of an ensemble of simulations of a polar low that developed over the Norwegian Sea on 25 March 2019. <br>2. The manually-obtained tracks of the polar low. <br> <p><br><b>1. Simulation output</b></p> <p>The simulations of the polar low were conducted with the convection-permitting Canadian Regional Climate Model version 6 (CRCM6/GEM4) driven by the reanalysis ERA5. The model has a grid mesh of 0.0225° and a vertical grid with 62 levels. The size of the model domain is 1004 x 1004 grid points, excluding the sponge zone, and the model top is at 2 hPa. The model was initialised every six hours from 23 March at 0000 UTC to 24 March at 1800 UTC, and the end date of the simulations was 26 March at 0600 UTC. </p> <p>This dataset contains the hourly output of these eight simulations. The 2D fields include several variables at screen level (temperature, dewpoint temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind, wind gust) as well as sea level pressure,1 h accumulated precipitation, and surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. The 3D fields are geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity, horizontal wind, and the vertical velocity in pressure coordinate, and they are provided on 22 pressure levels from 1,000 to 10 hPa. </p> <p><br><b>2. Polar low tracks </b></p> <p>This dataset contains the different tracks of the polar low that have been obtained using the observations, the reanalysis ERA5 and the output of the eight simulations. The data provided are the time, latitude and longitude of the track points, as well as the sea level pressure minimum. For the track obtained using observations, the dataset also includes the distance between the track point and the closest surface station (which is the one that provides the value of the sea level pressure minimum). Only the sea level pressure observations from stations within 25 km from the PL centre are included. </p>

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