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Toronto Historical Ward Boundaries (1834 - 1914)
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Fortin, Marcel — 2022-06-03 Historical Ward boundaries of Toronto during the 19th and early 20th Century. Toronto Historical Wards. Toronto annexation history. Dataset is also available
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Toronto Historical Streetcar Routes (1861 - 1961)
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Fortin, Marcel; Ettinger, Sam — 2022-06-22 Historical streetcar routes in Toronto from 1861 - 1961. This includes the route, the route name, the date the route started, the date the route ended, the type of service provided, service hours, notes on the route, a route ID, the decade a route started, the length of the route, the owner of the route, and the sector the route was in (public or private). Includes streetcars, radials, and the Belt Line railway.</p> Date of creation: 2015 - 2016 </p> Projection: NAD83 UTM Zone 17</p> Data type: Vector</p>
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Ontario Active and Inactive Waste Disposal Sites
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Fortin, Marcel; Kenley, Deborah; Biesida, Magda — 2020-10-06 Waste disposal sites in Ontario both inactive and active up to 1991. Based on an Ontario Government publication Ontario Ministry of the Environment. "Waste Disposal Site Inventory", June 1991 G 3501 N46 900 - 1600 1990 TEXT
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Historical Hydrography of Toronto (1802 - 1886)
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Fortin, Marcel — 2020-06-18 Shoreline, rivers (including lost rivers) and creeks in the City of Toronto digitized from georeferenced 19th century maps from the collections of the Map & Data Library, Toronto Public Library, the City of Toronto Archives, and from the book <p> Hayes, Derek. Historical Atlas of Toronto. Cartographic material. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2008. <p> For each source map there is: a .zip file containing a line shapefile for creeks, a polygon shapefile for rivers and the shoreline, and a world file for the georectified source map; as well as a KMZ file showing the same informaton; <p> Projected Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 17N <br> Data were created with the help of Jordan Hale, who coordinated the georeferencing and vectorization by Map and Data Library student assistants.
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Lost Rivers -- Disappearing Rivers of Toronto
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Fortin, Marcel — 2022-02-14 Data used to make the <a href="http://www.lostrivers.ca/disappearing.html">Disappearing Rivers</a> web map. Includes historical maps, and GIS data for digitized rivers. This data, and the webmap, were developed through a partnership between <a href="http://www.lostrivers.ca">the Lost Rivers project</a>, and Geohistory-Géohistoire Canada. More information about the web-mapping project is available <a href="http://geohist.ca/2017/10/lost-rivers-pilot-project/">here.</a>
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Toronto Land Use Spatial Data - parcel-level - (2019-2021)
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Fortin, Marcel — 2022-03-25 <strong>Please note </strong>that this dataset is not an official City of Toronto land use dataset. It was created for personal and academic use using City of Toronto Land Use Maps (2019) found on the City of Toronto Official Plan website at <a href="https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/official-plan-guidelines/official-plan/official-plan-maps-copy/">https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/official-plan-guidelines/official-plan/official-plan-maps-copy</a>, along with the City of Toronto parcel fabric (Property Boundaries) found at <a href="https://open.toronto.ca/dataset/property-boundaries/">https://open.toronto.ca/dataset/property-boundaries/</a> and Statistics Canada Census Dissemination Blocks level boundary files (2016). The property boundaries used were dated November 11, 2021. </p> Further detail about the City of Toronto's Official Plan, consolidation of the information presented in its online form, and considerations for its interpretation can be found at <a href="https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/official-plan-guidelines/official-plan/">https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/official-plan-guidelines/official-plan/</a> </p> <strong>Data Creation Documentation and Procedures</strong></p> <strong>Software Used</strong></p> The spatial vector data were created using ArcGIS Pro 2.9.0 in December 2021.</p> <strong>PDF File Conversions</strong></p> Using Adobe Acrobat Pro DC software, the following downloaded PDF map images were converted to TIF format.</br> <ul> <li>9028-cp-official-plan-Map-14_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>9042-cp-official-plan-Map-22_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>9070-cp-official-plan-Map-20_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>908a-cp-official-plan-Map-13_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>978e-cp-official-plan-Map-17_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>97cc-cp-official-plan-Map-15_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>97d4-cp-official-plan-Map-23_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>97f2-cp-official-plan-Map-19_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>97fe-cp-official-plan-Map-18_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>9811-cp-official-plan-Map-16_LandUse_AODA.pdf <li>982d-cp-official-plan-Map-21_LandUse_AODA.pdf </ul></p> <strong>Georeferencing and Reprojecting Data Files</strong></p> The original projection of the PDF maps is unknown but were most likely published using MTM Zone 10 EPSG 2019 as per many of the City of Toronto's many datasets. They could also have possibly been published in UTM Zone 17 EPSG 26917</p> The TIF images were georeferenced in ArcGIS Pro using this projection with very good results. The images were matched against the City of Toronto's Centreline dataset found <a href="https://open.toronto.ca/dataset/toronto-centreline-tcl/">here</a></p> The resulting TIF files and their supporting spatial files include:</p> <ul> <li>TOLandUseMap13.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap13.tif <li>TOLandUseMap13.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap13.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap14.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap14.tif <li>TOLandUseMap14.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap14.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap15.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap15.tif <li>TOLandUseMap15.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap15.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap16.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap16.tif <li>TOLandUseMap16.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap16.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap17.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap17.tif <li>TOLandUseMap17.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap17.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap18.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap18.tif <li>TOLandUseMap18.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap18.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap19.tif <li>TOLandUseMap19.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap19.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap20.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap20.tif <li>TOLandUseMap20.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap20.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap21.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap21.tif <li>TOLandUseMap21.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap21.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap22.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap22.tif <li>TOLandUseMap22.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap22.tif.ovr <li>TOLandUseMap23.tfwx <li>TOLandUseMap23.tif <li>TOLandUseMap23.tif.aux.xml <li>TOLandUseMap23.tif.ov </ul></p> Ground control points were saved for all georeferenced images. The files are the following:</p> <ul> <li>map13.txt <li>map14.txt <li>map15.txt <li>map16.txt <li>map17.txt <li>map18.txt <li>map19.txt <li>map21.txt <li>map22.txt <li>map23.txt </ul></p> The City of Toronto's Property Boundaries shapefile, "property_bnds_gcc_wgs84.zip" were unzipped and also reprojected to EPSG 26917 (UTM Zone 17) into a new shapefile, "Property_Boundaries_UTM.shp"</p> <strong>Mosaicing Images</strong></p> Once georeferenced, all images were then mosaiced into one image file, "LandUseMosaic20211220v01", within the project-generated Geodatabase, "Landuse.gdb" and exported TIF, "LandUseMosaic20211220.tif" Reclassifying Images Because the original images were of low quality and the conversion to TIF made the image colours even more inconsistent, a method was required to reclassify the images so that different land use classes could be identified. Using Deep learning Objects, the images were re-classified into useful consistent colours.</p> <strong>Deep Learning Objects and Training</strong></p> The resulting mosaic was then prepared for reclassification using the Label Objects for Deep Learning tool in ArcGIS Pro.</br> A training sample, "LandUseTrainingSamples20211220", was created in the geodatabase for all land use types as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Neighbourhoods <li>Insitutional <li>Natural Areas <li>Core Employment Areas <li>Mixed Use Areas <li>Apartment Neighbourhoods <li>Parks <li>Roads <li>Utility Corridors <li>Other Open Spaces <li>General Employment Areas <li>Regeneration Areas </ul> </p> Lettering (not a land use type, but an image colour (black), used to label streets). By identifying the letters, it then made the reclassification and vectorization results easier to clean up of unnecessary clutter caused by the labels of streets.</p> <strong>Reclassification</strong> Once the training samples were created and saved, the raster was then reclassified using the Image Classification Wizard tool in ArcGIS Pro, using the Support Vector Machine Classifier method. The resulting reclassified image file, "LandUseClassifiedSupportVectorMethod20211220" (exported file "LandUseClassifiedSupportVectorMethod20211220.tif"). </p> <strong>Vectorization</strong></p> The resulting reclassified image was then vectorized using the Raster to Polygon geoprocessing tool within ArcGIS Pro to create a vector file within the project geodatabase, "LandUseClassifiedRaster2Polygon20211220".</p> <strong>Deleting unwanted classes</strong></p> All unwanted features classified "Class_name" = "Letters" were then deleted. Results were saved in a new file called "LandUseClassifiedRaster2PolygonLettersDeleted20211220" Spatial Overlays (spatial join) A spatial join was performed from the reprojected Property Boundaries layer, "Property_Boundaries_UTM" and the vector layer, "LandUseClassifiedRaster2PolygonLettersDeleted20211220". The "Match Option" was set to "Largest Overlap". The resulting layer, "LandUseByParcel2019_2021v0120211221" was saved in the project geodatabase and exported to shapefile, "LandUseByParcel2019_2021v0120211221.shp" Census Land Use A second spatial join was performed on the "LanduseByParcel2019_2021v0120211221" feature layer to the Census of Canada Census Dissemination Blocks (2016) shapefile, "DLI_2016_Census_CBF_Eng_Nat_db.shp"</p> The resulting layer, "LanduseByParcelsCensusIDs20211221", contains the land use category for every parcel in the City of Toronto as well as every larger census areas IDs and names each parcel falls within. A bridge could therefore be built to create land use files for the city of Toronto at the following levels of Census of Canada Geographies:</p> <ul> <li>Dissemination Area Block (DBUID) <li>Dissemination Area (DAUID) <li>Census Tract (CTUID) <li>Federal Electorial Districts (FEDUID) </ul></p> A new layer was created using this census information but with the unwanted "class_name", "NULL", "Utility Corridors" and "Roads" removed. </p> The resulting layer was dissolved to the feature class, "LanduseParcelsMergedv0120220106" (exported to "LanduseParcelsMergedv0120220106.shp") by the "Class_name" attribute to provide large polygons of land use with which to spatially join to the Dissemination Block census boundary file. This feature layer does not have the "class_name" values of "NULL", "Utility Corridors" and "Roads".</p> The Census Dissemination block layer was then used in a spatial join using the "Match Option" set to "Largest overlap" to the "LanduseParcelsMergedv0120220106" layer to produce a Dissemination Block Census Boundary file with land use "class_name" attached. The file is called "DABlockWLandUseV0120220106" (exported to "DABlockWLandUseV0120220106.shp"). This Dissemination Block layer requires some further edits as the match is sometimes not always completely appropriate as the match appears to match the most parcels per block with a common class_name, rather than the largest amount of land taken up. See as an example DBUID 35204092002. The largest land use in the block is clearly "Institutional", but the operation assigned to the block area the class_name, "Neighbourhoods". See images image01.jpg and image 02.jpg </p> <strong>Symbolization</strong></p> Various ArcGIS Pro symbology format files are available (including for each shapefile), that match the colour of the original PDF maps.
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Toronto Building Construction Dates (Pre-1901 - 2003)
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Fortin, Marcel — 2022-04-27 This dataset is derived from the 2003 PDF map by the City of Toronto depicting building construction dates by parcels. The 2021 Toronto Parcels were used to attach the built date. <strong>Please Note: This is not an official City of Toronto dataset and should be used for reference, teaching and consultation purposes only and not for analysis</strong>
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Napoleonic Wars Geospatial Files
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Fortin, Marcel — 2023-01-05 Location, dates, and outcomes of the Napoleonic Wars. Data were created based on the listings of the battles on wikipedia. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era</a></p> Dates of the start of the battle are present as are the dates of the end of the battles, when different from the start date and available.</p> NOTE: The original of the file is held in a google drive table in the author's account.
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Lost Breweries of Toronto, 1800-1989
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Fortin, Marcel — 2020-06-17 Location data, images, some historical information and maps of Historical Breweries in Toronto. This work and data compilation were inspired by the following book. <br> St. John, Jordan. Lost Breweries of Toronto. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2014. <br> Further Images and maps used in the accompanying Story Maps Workshop can also be found on flickr at <a>https://flic.kr/s/aHsmkrMS9g</a> and <a>https://flic.kr/s/aHskDv5WiU</a>
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Don Valley Historical Mapping Project
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Fortin, Marcel; Jennifer Bonnell — 2018-09-14 Toronto’s Don River Valley is arguably the city’s most distinctive physical feature. As a provider of water, power, sustenance, building materials, and transportation, it has played an important role in the city’s settlement and development. The river valley has changed dramatically in the years since European settlement, particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, when the Lower Don River was straightened and channelized and the huge marsh at its mouth drained and filled. Today, the Lower Valley forms the foundation for one of the most densely populated areas in Canada, outlining as it does the eastern portion of Toronto’s downtown core and radiating residential areas. This project documents historical changes in the landscape of the Don River Valley. Drawing from the wide range of geographical information available for the Don River watershed (and the Lower Don in particular), including historical maps, geological maps, fire insurance plans, planning documents, and city directories, the project uses Geographic Information Systems software to place, compile, synthesize and interpret this information and make it more accessible as geospatial data and maps. The project is a work in progress. To date, we have scanned several dozen historical maps of Toronto and the Don River watershed, and compiled the following geospatial datasets: 1) changes to the river channel and shoreline of Toronto harbour, 1858-1918; 2) industrial development in the Lower Don River Watershed, 1857-1951 (as points, and in some cases polygons); 3) historical mill sites in the Don River Watershed, 1825; 18524) land ownership in the watershed, 1860 and 1878; and 4) points of interest in the watershed. In the future, we hope to expand the project to include data from other Toronto area watersheds and other parts of the city. The project was conducted through a collaboration between Jennifer Bonnell, a doctoral student in the History of Education program at the University of Toronto's Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE/UT) - now at York University in the History Department and Marcel Fortin, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Map Librarian at the University of Toronto's Map and Data Library. Financial and in-kind support was provided by the Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE) and the University of Toronto Libraries. Valuable research support for the Points of Interest pages came from Lost Rivers, a community-based urban ecology organization focused on building public awareness of the City's river systems. Jordan Hale, a University of Toronto Geography student conducted much of the digitization and database work.This project could not have been completed without their skilled assistance and dedication.

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