Armstrong, Eric;Liu, Rachel;Pollock, James;Huibner, Sanja;Udayakumar, Suji;Irungu, Erastus;Ngurukiri, Pauline;Muthoga, Peter;Adhiambo, Wendy;Yegorov, Sergey;Kimani, Joshua;Beattie, Tara;Coburn, Bryan;Kaul, Rupert — 2025Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary methods. Figure S1: Variation in total bacterial load and vaginal soluble immune factors across CST-IV subgroups. Figure S2: BV-associated bacteria drive the association between total bacterial load and immune factors within CST-III. Figure S3: Genital immune milieu cluster tightly with vaginal microbiota composition. Figure S4: Genital immune milieu is closely tied to vaginal microbiota composition in an independent, Uganda-based confirmatory cohort. Table S1: Association between vaginal CST and sociodemographic variables. Table S2: The absolute abundance of BV-associated bacteria, including G. vaginalis and F. vaginae, but not L. iners, were positively associated with sE-cad and IL-1α. Table S3: Nugent scores of women misclassified by the logistic regression model predicting Nugent BV with bacterial load in the SWOP cohort. Table S4: CST subgroups of women misclassified by the logistic regression model predicting molecular BV with bacterial load in the SWOP cohort. Table S5: Comparison of linear regression models predicting soluble immune factors with different vaginal microbiota characterization metrics. Table S6: Comparison of sociodemographic characteristics based on availability of complete immune data in the SWOP cohort. Table S7: Association between PAM immune cluster and sociodemographic variables. Table S8: Sociodemographic factors for Uganda-based confirmatory cohort. N = 61. Table S9: Nugent scores of women misclassified by the logistic regression model predicting Nugent BV with bacterial load in the Uganda-based confirmatory cohort. Table S10: Comparison of linear regression models predicting soluble immune factors with different vaginal microbiota characterization metrics in the confirmatory Uganda-based confirmatory cohort. Table S11: Primer and probe sequences for qPCR assays quantifying total bacterial load.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode