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Active Layer - Auyuittuq
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Permafrost and the active layer (the soil layer above the permafrost that freezes and thaws annually) are directly affected by climate. It is anticipated that rising temperatures in the Arctic will lead to permafrost warming/melt and thickening of the active layer. Probable impacts of permafrost degradation on the tundra ecosystem include ground instability and changes to local hydrological patterns and surface vegetation. In 2009, a Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Grid was installed in Auyuittuq National Park near Owl River as part of an international program to monitor the effects of climate change on the active layer and near-surface permafrost. Active layer thickness measurements are taken each summer, at 100 points within the 100 m x 100 m grid, using a metal probe. Active layer depth measurements, thaw depth at the time of monitoring and maximum thaw depth, are also monitored using a thaw tube. To examine the thermal characteristics of the soil active layer, a HOBO Micro Station, with one above-ground and 5 below-ground temperature sensors, was installed nearby the CALM Grid in 2010. The temperature data, recorded every 2 hours throughout the year, are downloaded from dataloggers on an annual basis. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Wildlife Crossing Structures - Banff
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 The objective of this project is to monitor the effectiveness of wildlife crossing structures along the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) in Banff National Park and Hwy 93 south (93S) in Kootenay National Park. Specifically this monitoring includes the detection of large mammals (including carnivores, and ungulates) using the crossing structures. Monitoring is on-going throughout the year. Parks Canada monitors 44 wildlife crossing structures along the TCH using remote wildlife motion triggered cameras. Roadways have been recognised as a barrier to wildlife, and can act as a barrier for wildlife movement and migration in the Rocky Mountains National Parks. Of critical concern is the TCH and Highway 93 South. The purpose is to quantify the success of the mitigation efforts in decreasing wildlife road mortality and maintaining habitat connectivity. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Decay Rates - Georgian Bay Islands
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Measuring decay rate in GBINP allows tracking changes in soil condition and processes. Decay rate was measured by placing wooden sticks in different forest plots and comparing dry wieghts of the sticks before and after the placement, in approximately one year. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Mountain Goat Survey Count - Kluane
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Mountain goats are a key species in the alpine tundra in Kluane National Park and Reserve. The potential impacts of climate change on snow depth, the frequency of rain-on-snow-events and the position of altitudinal treeline may influence goat foraging, predator dynamics and thus the survival rates of goats. Aerial survey counts of total goats (all adults and young of year) within a defined survey area on Goatherd Mountain have occurred approximately every two years since 1977. Surveys are performed in mid to late-July from a helicopter. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Non-native mammals - Gwaii Haanas
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Non-native mammal species are monitored annually in areas critical for the protection important seabird islands. Remote cameras are deployed for 15-days to annually detect any changes to the mammal community at key sites. Non-native species pose the greatest ecological threat in Gwaii Haanas. Deer dramatically alter the vegetation and rats, racoons and squirrels impact native species both directly (predation) and indirectly (competition). https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Burrowing Owl Nest Attempts-Productivity - Grasslands
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 The Grasslands National Park monitors the nesting attempts and productivity of burrowing owls by measuring the number of nests, number of owlets, and occupancy rate. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Salmonid Distribution (Electrofishing) - Cape Breton Highlands
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 What? Juvenile salmonid densities are being monitored in various rivers within Cape Breton Highlands National Park using electrofishing surveys. When? Monitoring frequency occurs annually in the late summer/early fall once water temperatures have dropped below thermal stress thresholds for salmonids (<20oC) and water levels have started to rise above summer lows. How? Open sample plots are sampled with an electrofisher unit through an area of the river (from bank to bank) over a 300 second period. Stunned fish are captured, and species and morphometric data are collected. Fish, once recovered, are then returned to the river. Why? Fish populations are prominent components of aquatic ecosystems and a key node in the aquatic food web. Fish are sensitive to many forms of physical, chemical and biological stressors which alter fish condition, community structure and/or biomass. In addition to the indirect impacts humans have on fish communities, there are direct impacts associated with harvesting sport fish from park lakes and rivers. Sport fish such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are important resources to monitor from the perspective of resource management of local populations. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Dams
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-11-03 To show the locations of dams on Parks Canada sites or dams managed by Parks Canada, and other dams of interest to Parks Canada. Data is not necessarily complete - updates will occur weekly. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Carnivore situation - Forillon
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2019-05-29 This dataset covers the status of carnivores. It is known that some carnivores, such as the American marten (Martes americana), fisher (Pekania pennanti) and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), are affected by forest habitat fragmentation and human presence. In addition, the American marten and fisher are often considered good indicators of forest ecosystem integrity. The Canada lynx is one of the biodiversity targets of the Northern Appalachian/Acadian conservation plan and the Forillon ecological corridor conservation plan. Given these factors, together with the knowledge acquired from studies carried out over the past 20 years, we decided to implement a long-term carnivore monitoring program based primarily on the presence of the American marten, fisher, and Canada lynx within the boundaries of Forillon National Park. This measure of the ecological monitoring program comprises three field measurements: the rate of occupancy of the American marten, fisher and Canada lynx. A total of 70 sites are sampled, 35 outside the park boundaries and 35 inside the park boundaries. The species are monitored by camera in October and November. The data are collected annually inside the park and on a five-year basis outside the park. For the American marten and fisher, the thresholds of the field measurements are based on expected rate of occupancy, as a function of the type of habitat found in the park. For the Canada lynx, thresholds are based on observed rates of occupancy taken from the literature in 2011. The assessment of this measure is carried out every five years. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Subalpine - Gwaii Haanas
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 The subalpine zone of Haida Gwaii occurs between an elevation of 600 to 800m. Permanent plots are monitored every 5 years to detect any changes to the structure and composition of the vegetation community on Yatza Mountain. Metrics include: canopy closure, debris classes, tree species, organic matter and percent cover by species. These parameters will then determine if there is a decline in the % cover of vegetation. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Bison populations - Elk Island
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Elk Island National Park annually conducts an aerial census of bison populations of the entire park, as well as opportunistically surveying herd composition. Bison population data is in the same database as elk and moose populations. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Parks Canada attendance 2023_24
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2024-06-14 Attendance data for national parks and historic sites - 2023-24 https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Dataset: Relative efficiency of hunting methods during an incomplete Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Merriam, 1898) eradication on Haida Gwaii, Canada
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2024-01-31 Dataset in support of Bayesian removal models to estimate the change in efficiency of various hunting methods with deer density based on a power function. Hunting methods assessed included bait station hunting, boat hunting, aerial hunting and dog-based ground hunting and were adaptively combined throughout operations. Coding on GitHub used to analyze the data is only available in English. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Pukaskwa National Park: Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2023-10-06 “Pukaskwa National Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Pukaskwa’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks. These products have a spatial resolution of 30m. This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca. When using this data, please cite as follows: Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network - Mount Revelstoke
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Benthic macro-invertebrate diversity, stream hydrology, water chemistry, climate, geology, and landcover are collected at randomly selected sites using a standard protocol for the assessment of stream condition and are being monitored both at reference and impacted sites. The overall scope or aim of this measure is the use of a reference condition approach model capable of assessing the ecological integrity of streams and rivers in the eight national mountain parks of Western Canada. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Elk Abundance - Riding Mountain
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 Elk abundance and population composition are assessed annually during an aerial survey conducted between mid-January and mid-February. The elk population composition is measured annually in a classified aerial count held in late Fall. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Open Government Implementation Plan - Parks Canada
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2016-02-29 This document describes Parks Canada’s plan to implement the Directive on Open Government in order to better engage citizens in the protection and presentation of places that represent Canada’s natural and cultural heritage. This plan is based on a Treasury Board Secretariat (TBS) template, and has been adapted to ensure that Parks Canada Open Government initiatives are cost-effective, sustainable, and meet the objectives of both the Parks Canada Agency (PCA) and the Directive on Open Government. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Kouchibouguac National Park: Total GHG Emissions of Forested Ecosystems
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2023-10-06 “Kouchibouguac National Park - Total GHG Emissions” datasets consist of estimates of GHG emissions (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)) in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) from forested ecosystems in Kouchibouguac National Park from 1990 to 2020 (tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent per hectare). Total GHG emissions for 31 national parks were estimated using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires). Total GHG emissions include those from natural processes like respiration and decomposition and those due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks. These were calculated as the sum of CO2, CH4, and N2O emission estimates in tonnes carbon (tonnes C) generated by the GCBM. Emissions estimates were then converted to carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) using the 100-year Global Warming Potential (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) factors for CH4 (25) and N2O (298). These products have a spatial resolution of 30m. This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca. When using this data, please cite as follows: Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Water Quality - Jasper
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 These data are water quality parameters sampled by Environment Canada via a Memorandom of Understanding. The individual parameters were used to calculate results for the Canadian Council of Environment Ministers (CCME) water quality index (WQI). https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
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Stream Benthic Invertebrate Richness - Gwaii Haanas
Parks Canada
Parks Canada — 2017-10-01 The richness of benthic macro-invertebrate species is used to monitor the overall health of stream ecosystems in Gwaii Haanas. Any shifts in community composition, initially detected as an increase or decrease in species richness, can be the result of nutrient levels, atmospheric pollutants, or a physical disturbance of the habitat. This is the result of species adapted to the new conditions increasing in abundance and species maladapted to the new conditions decreasing in abundance. Streams are sampled in permanent locations on a 3-year rotational panel monitoring design. This data is also posted to, and available from ECCC's CABIN database. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada

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